Systematik der Pferde (Familie Equidae)

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Familie

Gattung

Untergattung

Art

Unterart

Pachynolophidae †

Anchilophus


†Anchilophus depereti



Plagiolophus †


†Plagiolophus annectens





†Plagiolophus minor





†Plagiolophus mazateronensis



Leptolophus †


†Leptolophus magnus





†Leptolophus nouleti





†Leptolophus stehlini



Pachynolophus


†Pachynolophus livinierensis





†Pachynolophus duvali


Palaeotheriidae † / Equidae / Pachynolophidae †

Hyracotherium


†“Hyracotherium” sp.1


Palaeotheriidae †

Anchilophus


†Anchilophus depereti



Bepitherium †


†Bepitherium jordifusalbae



Cantabrotherium †





Hallensia †





Hyracotherium †


†Hyracotherium leporinum



Leptolophus †


†Leptolophus magnus





†Leptolophus nouleti





†Leptolophus stehlini



Lophiotherium





Palaeotherium


†Palaeotherium (Franzenitherium) lautricense





†Palaeotherium castrense





†Palaeotherium crassum





†Palaeotherium curtum





†Palaeotherium magnum





†Palaeotherium medium





†Palaeotherium ruetimeyeri



Paranchilophus †





Paraplagiotherium †





Plagiolophus †


†Plagiolophus annectens





†Plagiolophus fraasi





†Plagiolophus mazateronensis





†Plagiolophus minor



Propachynolophus †


†Propachynolophus gaudryi





†Propachynolophus maldani



Propalaeotherium †


†Propalaeotherium argentonicum





†Propalaeotherium hassiacum





†Propalaeotherium helveticum





†Propalaeotherium isselanum





†Propalaeotherium messelense





†Propalaeotherium parvulum



Pseudopalaeotherium †


†Pseudopalaeotherium longirostratum


Equidae

Acritohippus


†Acritohippus quinni





†Acritohippus isonesus [Merychippus isonesus]





†Acritohippus stylodontus [Merychippus stylodontus]





†Acritohippus sumani



Anchitherium


†Anchiterium alberdiae





†Anchiterium aurelianense





†Anchiterium castellanum





†Anchiterium clarencei





†Anchiterium corcolense





†Anchiterium cursor





†Anchiterium hippoides





†Anchiterium matritense





†Anchiterium parequinum





†Anchiterium procerum



Archaeohippus


†Archaeohippus blackbergi





†Archaeohippus mannulus





†Archaeohippus mourningi





†Archaeohippus penultimus





†Archaeohippus ultimus



Arenahippus †


†Arenahippus aemulor [Hyracotherium aemulor]





†Arenahippus grangeri [Hyracotherium angustidens grangeri]





†Arenahippus pernix [Eohippus pernix]



Astrohippus


†Astrohippus ansae





†Astrohippus stockii



Calippus


†Calippus cerasinus





†Calippus circulus





†Calippus elachistus





†Calippus hondurensis





†Calippus maccartyi





†Calippus martini





†Calippus placidus





†Calippus proplacidus





†Calippus regulus





†Calippus sp.



Cormohipparion


†Cormohipparion (Notiocradohipparion) plicatile





†Cormohipparion (Notiocradohipparion emsliei





†Cormohipparion (Notiocradohipparion ingenuum





†Cormohipparion goorisi





†Cormohipparion nagriensis





†Cormohipparion occidentale





†Cormohipparion quinni





†Cormohipparion theobaldi



Cremohipparion †


†Cremohipparion aff. Cremohipparion matthewi





†Cremohipparion antelopinum





†Cremohipparion forstenae





†Cremohipparion gromovae





†Cremohipparion macedonicum





†Cremohipparion matthewi





†Cremohipparion mediterraneum





†Cremohipparion moldavicum





†Cremohipparion nikosi





†Cremohipparion periafricanum





†Cremohipparion proboscideum





†Cremohipparion tudorovense



Dinohippus


†Dinohippus interpolatus





†Dinohippus leardi





†Dinohippus leidyanus





†Dinohippus mexicanus





†Dinohippus spectans



Eohippus


†Eohippus angustidens [Hyracotherium angustidens; Eohippus validus]



Epihippus


†Epihippus gracilis



Equus (Pferde)

Africanus (Esel)

Equus africanus (Afrikanischer Wildesel)

Equus africanus africanus (Nubischer Wildesel) ?





Equus africanus asinus (Hausesel)





Equus africanus atlanticus (Nordafrikanischer Wildesel, Atlas-Wildesel) ?





Equus africanus somalicus (Somali-Wildesel) *



Dolichohippus (Grévizebras)

Equus grevyi (Grévizebra) *




Equus (Echte Pferde)

Equus bressanus †





Equus mosbachensis †





Equus przewalskii (Przewalski-Pferd)

Equus przewalskii forma caballus (Hauspferd) *





Equus przewalskii gmelini (Steppentarpan, Südrussisches Steppenwildpferd) †





Equus przewalskii gracillis †





Equus przewalskii przewalskii (Östliches Steppenwildpferd, Mongolisches Wildpferd) ? *





Equus przewalskii robustus (Westpferd) †





Equus przewalskii silvaticus (Waldtarpan) †



Hemionus (Halbesel)

Equus hemionus (Asiatischer Wildesel, Halbesel, Pferdeesel)

Equus hemionus anatoliensis (Anatolischer Halbesel) †





Equus hemionus hemionus (Dschiggetai) ?





Equus hemionus hemippus (Syrischer Halbesel) †





Equus hemionus khur (Khur, Ghorkhar) ?





Equus hemionus kulan (Kulan, Turkmenischer Halbesel, Mongolischer Halbesel) ?





Equus hemionus luteus (Gobi-Dschiggetai)





Equus hemionus onager (Onager, Persischer Halbesel) ?




Equus kiang (Kiang, Tibetanischer Halbesel)

Equus kiang holderi




Equus kiang (Kiang, Tibetanischer Halbesel)

Equus kiang kiang




Equus kiang (Kiang, Tibetanischer Halbesel)

Equus kiang polyodon




Equus semiplicatus †




Hippotigris (Echte Zebras)

Equus burchelli (Steppenzebra, Pferdezebra)

Equus burchelli antiquorum (Chapmanzebra, Damarazebra, Wahlbergzebra) *





Equus burchelli burchelli (Burchellzebra) †





Equus burchelli selousi (Selouszebra)




Equus quagga (Quagga) †





Equus quagga (Quagga) †

Equus quagga boehmi (Böhmzebra, Grantzebra) *




Equus zebra (Bergzebra)

Equus zebra hartmannae (Hartmannbergzebra)





Equus zebra zebra (Kapbergzebra)



?

?Equus enormis




?

?Equus fromanius




?

?Equus pseudaltidens



Eurygnathohippus †


†Eurygnathohippus afarense





†Eurygnathohippus feibeli





†Eurygnathohippus turkanense



Gobihippus †





Haplohippus





Heteropliohippus †


†Heteropliohippus hulberti



Hipparion


†Hipparion campbelli





†Hipparion concudense





†Hipparion crassum





†Hipparion dietrichi





†Hipparion fissurae





†Hipparion forcei





†Hipparion gettyi





†Hipparion "gracile"





†Hipparion heintzi





†Hipparion huangheense





†Hipparion melendezi





†Hipparion prostylum





†Hipparion shirleyi





†Hipparion tehonensis





†Hipparion trampasense



Hippidion † = Hippidium †


†Hippidion bonaerense





†Hippidion neogaeum





†Hippidion principale



Hippotherium † (alte Welt)


†Hippotherium aff. "H." catalaunicum





†Hippotherium albertense





†Hippotherium baardi





†Hippotherium brachypus





†Hippotherium catalaunicum





†Hippotherium coelophyes





†Hippotherium depereti





†Hippotherium dermatorhinum





†Hippotherium giganteum





†Hippotherium hippidiodus





†Hippotherium koenigswaldi





†Hippotherium namaquense





†Hippotherium primigenium





†Hippotherium sebastopolianum





†Hippotherium weihoense



Hypohippus


†Hypohippus affinis





†Hypohippus equinus





†Hypohippus giganteus





†Hypohippus nevadensis





†Hypohippus osborni



Kalobatippus


†Kalobatippus agatensis





†Kalobatippus praestans



Megahippus


†Megahippus matthewi





†Megahippus mckennai



Merychippus


†Merychippus calamarius





†Merychippus californicus





†Merychippus carrizoensis





†Merychippus coloradense





†Merychippus gunteri





†Merychippus insignis





†Merychippus intermontanus





†Merychippus isonesus [Acritohippus isonesus]





†Merychippus primus





†Merychippus sejunctus





†Merychippus stylodontus [Acritohippus sylodontus]



Mesohippus


†Mesohippus bairdi





†Mesohippus barbouri





†Mesohippus celer





†Mesohippus exoletus





†Mesohippus westoni



Minihippus †


†Minihippus index [Hyracotherium index]





†Minihippus jicarillai



Miohippus


†Miohippus annectens





†Miohippus assiniboiensis





†Miohippus equinanus





†Miohippus gemmarosae





†Miohippus gidleyi





†Miohippus intermedius





†Miohippus obliquidens





†Miohippus validus



Nannippus †


†Nannippus aztecus





†Nannippus beckensis





†Nannippus lenticulare





†Nannippus morgani





†Nannippus peninsulatus





†Nannippus westoni



Neohipparion


†Neohipparion affine





†Neohipparion arellanoi [N. eurysryle]





†Neohipparion coloradense





†Neohipparion eurysryle





†Neohipparion floresi [N. eurysryle]





†Neohipparion gidleyi





†Neohipparion leptode





†Neohipparion otomii [N. eurysryle]





†Neohipparion phosphorum [N. eurysryle]





†Neohipparion stirtoni [N. eurysryle]





†Neohipparion trampasense





†Neohipparion whitneyi



Onohippidion †


†Onohippidion devillei





†Onohippidion galushai



Orohippus


†Orohippus agilis





†Orohippus major





†Orohippus progressus





†Orohippus proteros





†Orohippus pumilus





†Orohippus sylvaticus



Parahippus


†Parahippus leonensis





†Parahippus pawniensis





†Parahippus pristinus



Parapliohippus





Pliohippus


†Pliohippus campestris [P. mirabilis]





†Pliohippus fossulatus [P. pernix]





†Pliohippus lullianus [P. pernix]





†Pliohippus mexicanus





†Pliohippus mirabilis





†Pliohippus nobilis





†Pliohippus osborni





†Pliohippus pachyops [P. pernix]





†Pliohippus pernix





†Pliohippus robustus [P. pernix]



Pliolophus †


†Pliolophus vulpiceps ["Hyracotherium" vulpiceps]



Proboscidipparion †





Protohippus †


†Protohippus gidleyi





†Protohippus parditus





†Protohippus simus [P. supremus]





†Protohippus supremus





†Protohippus vetus



Protorohippus †


†Protorohippus montanum





†Protorohippus sp. aff. P. venticolum





†Protorohippus sp. cf. P. venticolum





†Protorohippus venticolum [Hyracotherium venticolum; Hyracotherium vasacciense venticolum; Hyracotherium vasacciense]



Pseudohipparion †


†Pseudohipparion curtivallum





†Pseudohipparion gratum





†Pseudohipparion hessei





†Pseudohipparion retrusum





†Pseudohipparion simpsoni





†Pseudohipparion skinneri



Sifrhippus †


†Sifrhippus sandrae



Sivalhippus †


†Sivalhippus crusafonti





†Sivalhippus faddeni





†Sivalhippus houfenense





†Sivalhippus moritorum





†Sivalhippus perimense





†Sivalhippus platyodus





†Sivalhippus ptychodus





†Sivalhippus roscinatis





†Sivalhippus sp. aff. S. huangeense



Stylohipparion †


†Stylohipparion libycum



Xenicohippus †


†Xenohipparion craspedotum [Hyracotherium craspedotum]





†Xenohipparion grangeri





†Xenohipparion osborni




Eine andere Möglichkeit, eine Systematik aufzubauen, ist ein Kladogramm (hier Wikipedia Definition).

Hier ein Versuch desselben. Viele Infos dazu kommen von der finnischen Seite http://www.fmnh.helsinki.fi/users/haaramo/Metazoa/Deuterostoma/Chordata/Synapsida/Eutheria/Perissodactyla/Hippomorpha_1.htm und deren Links - der Disclaimer dieser Seite weist ausdrücklich darauf hin, daß es sich NICHT um eine wissenschaftlich überwachte Seite handelt. Dennoch bin ich der Auffassung, daß es eine hervorragende Arbeit ist.

Tabelle 1: Hippomorpha excl. Anchitheriinae und Equinae

o

Hippomorpha Wood, 1937

|

--

o

†Pachynolophoidea Pavlow, 1888

|


`

--

o

†Pachynolophidae Pavlow, 1888

|




|

?-

†“Hyracotherium” sp.1 [=? †“Hyracotherium” seekensi]

|




|

--

o

Plagiolophinae Remy, 1976

|




|


|

--

o

†Leptolophus Remy, 1965

|




|


|


|

--

†L. stehlini Remy, 1965

|




|


|


|

--

†L. nouleti (Stehlin, 1904)

|




|


|


`

--

†L. magnus Remy, 1998

|




|


`

--

o

†Plagiolophus Pomel, 1847 [Paloplotherium]

|




|




|

--

†P. mazateronensis Cuesta, 1994

|




|




|

--

†P. minor

|




|




`

--

†P. annectens

|




`

--

o

†Pachynolophinae Pavlow, 1888

|






|

--

†Anchilophus depereti Gervais, 1852

|






`

--

o

†Pachynolophus Pomel, 1847

|








|

--

†P. duvali Pomel, 1847

|








`

--

†P. livinierensis

`

--

o

Equoidea Gray, 1821 sensu Hay, 1902



|

?-

†Indolophus Pilgrim, 1925 [Indolophidae Schoch, 1984]



|

--

o

Palaeotheriidae Bonaparte, 1850



|


|

?-

†Bepitherium jordifusalbae Checa & Colombo, 2004



|


|

?-

†Lophiotherium Gervais, 1849



|


|

?-

†Paranchilophus Casanovas & Santafé, 1989



|


|

--

†Hallensia



|


`

--

+

--

†Hyracotherium leporinum Owen, 1841



|




`

--

+

--

o

†Propachynolophus Lemoine, 1891



|






|


|

--

†P. gaudryi



|






|


`

--

†P. maldani



|






`

--

+

--

o

†Pachynolophus Pomel, 1847 [Pachynolophinae Paulow, 1877]



|








|


|

--

†P. duvali



|








|


`

--

†P. livinierensis



|








`

--

o

†Palaeotheriinae Bonaparte, 1850



|










|

?-

†Pseudopalaeotherium longirostratum Franzen, 1872



|










|

?-

†Paraplagiotherium Depéret, 1917



|










|

?-

o

†Leptolophus Remy, 1965 [Pachynolophidae]



|










|


|

--

†L. stehlini Remy, 1965



|










|


|

--

†L. nouleti (Stehlin, 1904)



|










|


`

--

†L. magnus Remy, 1998



|










|

?-

†Cantabrotherium Casanova-Cladellas & Santafé-Llopis, 1987



|










|

--

†Lophiotherium Gervais, 1849



|










`

--

+

--

o

†Propalaeotherium Gervais, 1849



|












|


|

--

†“P.” messelense



|












|


|

--

†P. parvulum



|












|


|

--

†P. argentonicum



|












|


|

--

†P. helveticum



|












|


|

--

†P. isselanum (Cuvier, 1824)



|












|


`

--

†P. hassiacum



|












`

--

+

--

o

†Plagiolophus Pomel, 1847 [Paloplotherium] [Pachynolophidae]



|














|


|

--

†P. mazateronensis Cuesta, 1994



|














|


|

--

†P. minor



|














|


|

--

†P. fraasi



|














|


`

--

†P. annectens



|














`

--

+

--

†Anchilophus depereti Gervais, 1852



|
















`

--

o

†Palaeotherium Cuvier, 1804



|


















|

--

†P. castrense



|


















|

--

†P. ruetimeyeri



|


















|

--

†P. magnum



|


















|

--

†P. crassum



|


















|

--

†P. medium



|


















|

--

†P. curtum



|


















`

--

†P. (Franzenitherium) lautricense



`

--

o

Equidae Gray, 1821 (PFERDE)





|

?-

†Gobihippus





|

?-

†Haplohippus





|

--

†Sifrhippus sandrae (Gingerich, 1989) Froehlich, 2002





`

--

+

--

o

†Minihippus Froehlich, 2002







|


|

--

†M. index (Cope, 1873) [Hyracotherium index Cope, 1873]







|


`

--

†M. jicarillai Froehlich, 2002







`

--

o

†Arenahippus Froehlich, 2002 [a paraphyletic grade-taxa (metataxa) (Froehlich, 2002)]









|

--

†Arenahippus grangeri (Kitts, 1956) [Hyracotherium angustidens grangeri Kitts, 1956]









`

--

+

--

†Arenahippus aemulor (Gingerich, 1991) [Hyracotherium aemulor Gingerich, 1991]











`

--

+

--

†Arenahippus pernix (Marsh, 1876) [Eohippus pernix Marsh, 1876]













`

--

+

--

o

†Xenicohippus Bown & Kihm, 1981















|


|

--

†X. craspedotum (Cope, 1880) [Hyracotherium craspedotum]















|


`

--

+

--

†X. osborni Bown & Kihm, 1981















|




`

--

†X. grangeri Bown & Kihm, 1981















`

--

+

--

†Eohippus angustidens (Cope, 1875) Marsh, 1876 [Hyracotherium angustidens Cope, 1875; Eohippus validus Marsh, 1876]

















`

--

+

--

†Pliolophus vulpiceps Owen, 1858 ["Hyracotherium" vulpiceps]



















`

--

o

†Protorohippus Wortman, 1896 [a paraphyletic grade-taxa (metataxa) (Froehlich, 2002)





















|

--

†Protorohippus montanum Wortman, 1896





















`

--

+

--

†Protorohippus venticolum (Cope, 1881) [Hyracotherium venticolum Cope, 1881; Hyracotherium vasacciense venticolum (Cope, 1881) sensu Kitts, 1956; incl.? Hyracotherium vasacciense (Cope, 1872)]























`

--

+

--

†Protorohippus sp. cf. P. venticolum [Froehlich, 2002]

























`

--

+

--

†Protorohippus sp. aff. P. venticolum [Froehlich, 2002]



























`

--

o

†Orohippus Marsh, 1872 [a paraphyletic grade-taxa (metataxa) (Froehlich, 2002)]





























|

?-

†Orohippus proteros Korth & Evander, 1982





























|

?-

†Orohippus agilis Marsh, 1873b





























|

?-

†Orohippus progressus (Granger, 1908)





























|

?-

†Orohippus sylvaticus (Leidy, 1870d)





























|

--

†Orohippus major Marsh, 1874a





























`

--

+

--

†Orohippus pumilus (Marsh, 1871a)































`

--

+

--

†Epihippus gracilis [Duchesnehippus]

































`

--

+

--

o

†Mesohippus Marsh, 1875 [Palaeotherium Leidy, 1850; Anchitherium Leidy, 1852; Miohippus Hay, 1902, in partim; Pediohippus Schlaikjer, 1935, in partim]



































|


|

--

†M. celer



































|


|

--

†M. westoni (Cope, 1889)



































|


|

--

†M. bairdi (Leidy, 1850) Marsh, 1875



































|


|

--

†M. exoletus (Cope, 1874)



































|


`

--

†M. barbouri Schlaikjer, 1931



































`

--

+

--

o

†Miohippus Marsh, 1874 [Pediohippus]





































|


|

--

†M. obliquidens (Osborn, 1904) Prothero & Shubin, 1989





































|


|

--

†M. assiniboiensis (Lambe, 1905b) Prothero & Shubin, 1989





































|


|

--

†M. intermedius (Osborn & Wortman, 1895)





































|


|

--

†M. gidleyi (Osborn, 1904)





































|


|

--

†M. annectens Marsh, 1874





































|


|

?-

†?M. equinanus Osborn, 1918





































|


|

--

†M. gemmarosae





































|


`

--

†M. validus





































`

--

+

--

o

†Anchitheriinae Leidy, 1869







































`

--

o

Equinae Gray, 1821 [non Leidy, 1869, Steinmann & Döderlein, 1890] (ECHTE PFERDE)


Tabelle 2: Anchitheriinae

o

†Anchitheriinae Leidy, 1869

|

?-

o

†Sinohippus Zhai, 1962

|


|

--

†S. zitteli (Schlosser, 1903) [Anchitherium zitteli Schlosser, 1903, Hypohippus zitteli (Schlosser) Osborn, 1918; Anchitherium zitteli Schlosser; Abusch-Siewert, 1983; S. zittelli (Schlosser) Salesa, Sánchez & Morales, 2004 (lapsus calami); S. zitelli (Schlosser) Salesa, Sánchez & Morales, 2004 (lapsus calami)]

|


`

--

†S. sampelayoi (Villalta & Crusafont, 1945) Salesa, Sánchez & Morales, 2004 [Anchitherium sampelayoi Villalta & Crusafont, 1945; Anchitherium ezquerrae sampelayoi Villalta & Crusafont; Abusch-Siewert, 1983]

|

?-

†Kolobatippus

|

--

o

†Megahippus McGrew, 193

|


|

--

†M. mckennai

|


`

--

†M. matthewi

`

--

+

--

o

†Hypohippus Leidy, 1858



|


|

--

†H. affinis Leidy, 1858



|


|

--

†H. equinus (Scott, 1893)



|


|

--

†H. osborni Gidley, 1907



|


|

--

†H. nevadensis Merriam, 1913



|


`

--

†H. giganteus



`

--

o

†Anchitherium L. Mioc. U. Mioc. Eu.





|

--

†A. clarencei





|

--

+

--

†A. aurelianense Meyer, 1844





|


|

--

†A. parequinum





|


`

--

+

--

†A. corcolense





|




`

--

†A. castellanum





`

--

+

--

†A. hippoides







`

--

+

--

†A. matritense









`

--

+

--

†A. alberdiae











`

--

+

--

†A. cursor













`

--

†A. procerum


Tabelle 3: Equinae

o

Equinae Gray, 1821 [non Leidy, 1869, Steinmann & Döderlein, 1890] (ECHTE PFERDE)

|

-- o †Kalobatippus Osborn, 1915 [Kalibatibbus]

|


|

--

†K. agatensis

|


`

--

†K. praestans

`

--

+

--

o

†Archaeohippus Gidley, 1906



|


|

--

†A. penultimus (Matthew, 1924)



|


|

--

†A. blackbergi (Hay, 1924) [A. minutalis]



|


|

--

†A. ultimus (Cope, 1886)



|


|

--

†A. mourningi (Merriam, 1913)



|


`

--

†A. mannulus O'Sullivan, 2003



`

--

o

†“Parahippus” Leidy, 1858 [paraphyletic]





|

?-

†“Parahippus” pristinus





|

--

†“Parahippus” pawniensis





|

--

†“Parahippus” leonensis





`

--

o

†“Merychippus” Leidy, 1857 [paraphyletic]







|

--

†“Merychippus” gunteri







`

--

+

--

†“Merychippus” primus









`

--

+

--

o

†Hippotheriini Bonaparte, 1850 [Hipparionini Quinn, 1955] (HIPPARIONS)











|


|

--

o

†Hipparionini genera indet. [Hulbert, 1989]











|


|


|

--

†["Merychippus" isonesus] - Acritohippus isonesus











|


|


`

--

†"Merychippus" sejunctus











|


`

--

+

--

o

†Neohipparion -genus-group











|




|


|

?-

†Plesiohipparion longipes Gromova, 1952











|




|


|

--

†"Merychippus" coloradense











|




|


`

--

+

--

o

†Neohipparion Gidley, 1903











|




|




|


|

--

†N. affine











|




|




|


|

--

†N. whitneyi [N. affine]











|




|




|


|

--

†N. trampasense











|




|




|


|

--

†N. leptode











|




|




|


|

--

†N. eurysryle











|




|




|


|

--

†N. phosphorum [N. eurysryle]











|




|




|


|

--

†N. floresi [N. eurysryle]











|




|




|


|

--

†N. arellanoi [N. eurysryle]











|




|




|


|

--

†N. otomii [N. eurysryle]











|




|




|


|

--

†N. stirtoni [N. eurysryle]











|




|




|


|

--

†N. gidleyi











|




|




|


`

--

†N. coloradense











|




|




`

--

o

†Pseudohipparion Ameghino, 1904 [Griphippus]











|




|






|

--

†P. retrusum











|




|






`

--

+

--

†P. curtivallum











|




|








`

--

+

--

†P. gratum











|




|










|

--

†P. hessei











|




|










`

--

+

--

†P. skinneri











|




|












`

--

†P. simpsoni











|




`

--

o

†Hipparion -genus-group











|






|

?-

†Hipparion trampasense Edwards, 1982 [Nannihippus tahoensis (Merriam) in partim]











|






|

--

o

†Merychippus sensu stricto











|






|


|

--

†M. insignis











|






|


|

--

†M. calamarius











|






|


`

--

†M. californicus











|






|

--

o

†"Hipparion" group 3 [North American basal "Hipparion"]











|






|


|

--

†H. shirleyi











|






|


`

--

+

--

†H. tehonensis











|






|




`

--

†H. forcei











|






`

--

o

†Cormohipparion Skinner & MacFadden, 1977 [Neohipparion, Notiocradohipparion] [paraphyletic]











|








|

--

†Cormohipparion goorisi MacFadden & Skinner, 1981 [Neohipparion]











|








|

--

o

†(Notiocradohipparion) Hubert, 1988











|








|


|

--

†Cormohipparion (N.) plicatile (MacFadden, 1984) Hubert, 1988











|








|


|

--

†Cormohipparion (N.) ingenuum (MacFadden, 1984) Hubert, 1988











|








|


`

--

†Cormohipparion (N.) emsliei (Hubert, 1987a) Hubert, 1988











|








`

--

+

?-

†Cormohipparion quinni Woodburne, 1994b [incl. C. sphenodus Woodburne et al., 1981]











|










|

--

o

Cormohipparion occidentale -species-group











|










|


`

--

†Cormohipparion occidentale (Leidy, 1856) [Neohipparion occidentale Leidy, 1856, C. goorsi, C. quinni]











|










`

--

+

?-

†Cormohipparion theobaldi (Lydekker, 1877a)











|












|

?-

†Cormohipparion nagriensis (Hussain, 1971)











|












`

--

o

†Hippotherium Kaup, 1833 [Old World "Hipparion"]











|














|

--

†"Hippotherium" koenigswaldi Sondaar, 1961











|














|

--

†"Hippotherium" sebastopolianum











|














|

--

†Hippotherium primigenium (von Meyer, 1829) sensu stricto [i - v] [Hipparion primigenium]











|














|

--

†Hippotherium depereti Sondaar, 1974











|














|

?-

†Hippotherium albertense (Hopwood, 1926) [Hipparion albertense Hopwood, 1926]











|














|

?-

†Hippotherium baardi (Boné & Singer, 1965) [Hipparion baardi Boné & Singer, 1965]











|














|

?-

†Hippotherium namaquense (Haughton, 1932) [Hipparion namaquense (Haughton, 1932), Notohipparion namaquense Haughton, 1932]











|














|

?-

+

--

†H. weihoense











|














|


`

--

+

?-

†H. dermatorhinum











|














|




`

--

+

--

†H. coelophyes











|














|






`

--

†H. hippidiodus











|














|

--

+

--

+

--

†"Hippotherium" catalaunicum (Pirlot, 1956)











|














|


|


`

?-

†"Hippotherium" aff. "H." catalaunicum











|














|


`

--

+

--

+

?-

†Hippotherium brachypus Hensel, 1862











|














|




|


`

--

†Hippotherium giganteum Gromova, 1952











|














|




`

--

o

†Hipparion de Christol, 1832 sensu stricto [Eurygnathohippus van Hoepen, 1930; Notohipparion Haughton, 1932; Libyhipparion Joleaud, 1933]











|














|






|

?-

†"Hipparion" melendezi Alberdi, 1974a











|














|






|

--

†H. prostylum Gervais, 1849











|














|






`

--

+

--

†H. gettyi Bernor, 1985











|














|








`

--

+

?-

†H. concudense Pirlot, 1956











|














|










|

?-

†H. huangheense











|














|










|

--

†H. campbelli Bernor, 1985











|














|










`

--

†H. dietrichi Wehrli, 1941











|














|

?-

o

†Sivalhippus -complex











|














|


|

?-

o

"Plesiohipparion"











|














|


|


|

--

†Sivalhippus roscinatis Hernandez-Pacheco, 1921











|














|


|


|

--

†Sivalhippus moritorum (Kretzoi, 1954)











|














|


|


|

--

†Sivalhippus sp. aff. S. huangeense











|














|


|


|

--

o

†Hipparion crassum Gervais, 1859 -group











|














|


|


|


|

?-

†Hipparion heintzi











|














|


|


|


`

?-

†Hipparion "gracile"











|














|


|


`

--

†Hipparion fissurae











|














|


|

?-

†Sivalhippus faddeni (Lydekker, 1884) [Hipparion faddeni (Lydekker, 1884)]











|














|


|

--

†Sivalhippus platyodus











|














|


|

--

†Sivalhippus ptychodus











|














|


`

--

+

--

†Sivalhippus perimense











|














|




|

--

o

†Eurygnathohippus van Hoepen, 1930











|














|




|


|

--

†E. feibeli











|














|




|


|

--

†E. turkanense (Hooijer & Maglio, 1973) [Sivalhippus turkanense Hooijer & Maglio, 1973]











|














|




|


`

--

†E. afarense (Eisenmann, 1976) [Sivalhippus afarense Eisenmann, 1976; =?Hippotherium afarense (Eisenmann, 1976); =?Hipparion afarense Eisenmann, 1976]











|














|




`

--

+

--

†Sivalhippus houfenense











|














|






|

--

†Sivalhippus crusafonti [S. rocinantis crusafonti]











|














|






`

--

o

†Probosscidipparion











|














|








|

--

†P. peter











|














|








`

--

†P. sinense











|














|

?--

o

†Cremohipparion Qui, Weilong & Zhiui, 1988











|














|


|

?--

†C. tudorovense











|














|


|

?--

†C. gromovae











|














|


|

--

+

?-

†Cremohipparion aff. Cremohipparion matthewi [Bernor & Scott, 2003] [incl. †"Hippotherium" africanum; †Hippotherium sp. cf. H. sitifense]











|














|


|


|

?-

†C. antelopinum sensu Bernor & Scott, 2003 [Hipparion antelopinum (Falconer & Cautley, 1849)]











|














|


|


|

--

†C. moldavicum (Gromova, 1952)











|














|


|


`

--

+

--

†C. macedonicum (Koufos, 1984) [Hipparion macedonicum Koufos, 1984]











|














|


|




`

--

+

--

†C. matthewi (Abel, 1926) [Cormohipparion matthewi]











|














|


|






`

--

†C. nikosi Bernor & Tobien, 1989











|














|


|

--

†C. periafricanum (Villalta & Crusafont, 1957) [Hipparion periafricanum Villalta & Crusafont, 1957]











|














|


`

--

+

--

†C. mediterraneum (Roth & Wagner, 1855)











|














|




`

--

+

--

†C. proboscideum (Studer, 1911)











|














|






`

--

+

--

†C. forstenae











|














|








`

--

†C. licenti











|














|

--

†Stylohipparion libycum (Pomel, 1897) van Hoepen, 1932 [Hippotherium libycum (Pomel, 1897); Hipparion libycum Pomel, 1897]











|














`

--

o

†Nannippus Matthew, 1926











|
















|

--

†N. westoni (Simpson, 1930) [Merychippus westoni Simpson, 1930; ]











|
















|

--

†N. morgani Hulbert, 1993











|
















`

--

+

--

†N. lenticulare











|


















|

--

†N. aztecus [N. minor (Sellards)]











|


















`

--

+

--

†N. peninsulatus











|




















`

--

†N. beckensis











`

--

o

Equini Gray, 1921 [non Gidley, 1907] sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997 (ECHTE PFERDE)













|

--

+

--

†“Merychippus” intermontanus













|


`

--

o

†Protohippini Gidley, 1907













|




|

--

o

†Protohippus Leidy, 1858













|




|


|

--

†P. vetus













|




|


|

--

†P. parditus













|




|


|

--

†P. supremus













|




|


|

--

†P. simus [P. supremus]













|




|


`

--

†P. gidleyi













|




`

--

o

†Calippus Matthew & Stirton, 1930













|






|

?-

†C. circulus













|






|

--

†C. martini













|






|

--

†C. cerasinus













|






|

--

†C. hondurensis













|






|

--

†C. maccartyi













|






|

--

Grammohippus)













|






`

--

o

(?Calippus)













|








|

--

+

--

†C. proplacidus













|








|


`

--

†C. placidus













|








`

--

+

--

†C. regulus













|










`

--

+

--

†C. sp.













|












`

--

†C. elachistus













`

--

+

--

†[“Merychippus” stylodontus] - Acritohippus stylodontus















`

--

+

--

†“Merychippus” carrizoensis

















`

--

o

Equini Gray, 1921 [non Gidley, 1907] (MODERNE PFERDE)



















|

--

o

†“Pliohippus” Marsh, 1874



















|


|

--

†“P.” mirabilis



















|


|

--

†“P.” campestris [P. mirabilis]



















|


|

--

†“P.” pernix



















|


|

--

†“P.” robustus [P. pernix]



















|


|

--

†“P.” fossulatus [P. pernix]



















|


|

--

†“P.” pachyops [P. pernix]



















|


|

--

†“P.” lullianus [P. pernix]



















|


|

--

†“P.” nobilis



















|


|

--

†“P.” osborni



















|


`

--

†“P.” mexicanus



















`

--

+

--

o

†Astrohippus Stirton, 1940





















|


|

--

†A. ansae





















|


`

--

†A. stockii





















`

--

+

--

o

“Hippidiform horses” [Late Miocene to Pleistocene, South America]























|


|

--

o

†Hippidion Owen, 1869 [Parahipparion, Hyperhippidium]























|


|


|

--

†H. principale (Lund, 1845)























|


|


|

--

†H. neogaeum (Lund)























|


|


`

--

†H. bonaerense























|


|

--

o

†Onohippidium Moreno, 1891























|


|


|

--

†O. devillei (Gervais, 1855)























|


|


`

--

†O. galushai























|


`

--

†Parahipparion C. Ameghino, 1904























`

--

o

“Dinohippus” Quinn, 1955 [“Cabelliniform horses”, Late Miocene to Present, North America, South America, Eurasia & Africa]

























|

--

†“Dinohippus” spectans

























`

--

+

--

†“Dinohippus” leardi



























|

--

†“Dinohippus” interpolatus



























`

--

+

--

†“Dinohippus” leidyanus





























`

--

+

--

†“Dinohippus” mexicanus































`

--

o

Equus Linnaeus, 1758 sensu lato (PFERDE)

































|

--

o

†(Amerhippus) Hoffstetter, 1950 (south american horses; eteläamerikanhevoset)

































|


|

--

†E. (A.) insulatus Ameghino, C., in Ameghino, F., 1904

































|


|

--

†E. (A.) andium Wagner-Branco, 1883

































|


|

--

†E. (A.) lasalli Daniel, 1948

































|


|

--

†E. (A.) santae-elenae Spillman, 1938

































|


|

--

†E. (A.) martini spillman, 1938

































|


|

--

†E. (A.) curvidens Owen, 1844

































|


`

--

†E. (A.) neogeus Lund, 1840 emend. MacFadden & Azzaroli, 1987

































|

--

o

Equus) Linnaeus, 1758 (true horses; aitohevoset) [Note: some taxonomist separate horse subspecies to independent species]

































|


|

--

E. (E.) caballus Linnaeus, 1758 (domestic horse; kesyhevonen)

































|


|

--

. (E.) przewalskii (Przewalski's horse, mongolian wild horse; przewalskinhevonen)

































|


`

--

o

†E. ferus Boddaert, 1785 (wild horse, tarpan; hevonen, tarpaani, villihevonen)

































|




|

--

†E. (E.) f. gmelini (plain tarpan; arotarpaani)

































|




|

--

†E. (E.) f. silvatica (forest tarpan; metsätarpaani)

































|




`

--

†E. (E.) f. remagensis

































`

--

+

--

o

(Hemionus) (asian donkeys; aasianvilliaasit)



































|


|

?-

o

†E. francisci -species-group [are members of subgenus Equus? (Eisenmann & Baylac, 2000)]



































|


|


|

--

†E. (H.) francisci Hay, 1915



































|


|


|

--

†E. (H.) altidens Quinn, 1957



































|


|


|

--

†E. (H.) arellanoi Mooser, 1958



































|


|


|

--

†E. (H.) quinni Slaughter et al., 1962



































|


|


`

--

†E. (H.) zoytalis Mooser, 1958



































|


|

--

o

E. (H.) hemionus (aasianvilliaasi)



































|


|


|

--

E. (H.) h. hemionus (kulaani)



































|


|


|

--

E. (H.) h. kulan (kulaani)



































|


|


`

--

†E. (H.) h. hemippus (syyrianvilliaasi)



































|


|

--

o

E. (H.) onager (onageri)



































|


|


|

--

E. (H.) o. onager (onageri)



































|


|


`

--

E. (H.) o. khur (intianvilliaasi)



































|


`

--

E. (H.) kiang (kiangi)



































|

--

o

(Asinus) Frisch, 1775) (african donkeys; afrikanvilliaasit)



































|


|

--

†E. (A.) calobatus Troxell, 1915



































|


`

--

o

E. (A.) africanus Heauglin & Fitzinger, 1866 (ass, donkey; aasi, kesyaasi)



































|




|

--

E. (A.) a. asinus Linnaeus, 1758 (domestic ass, donkey; kesyaasi)



































|




|

--

E. (A.) a. africanus Heauglin & Fitzinger, 1866 (afrikanvilliaasi, nuubianvilliaasi)



































|




|

--

E. (A.) a. atlanticus ()?



































|




`

--

E. (A.) a. somalicus (somalinvilliaasi)



































`

--

+

--

o

(Dolichohippus) Heller, 1912





































|


|

--

†E. (D.) numidicus Pomel, 1897





































|


|

--

†E. (D.) oldowayensis Hopwood, 1937





































|


|

--

†E. (D.) koobiforensis





































|


`

--

E. (D.) grevyi Oustalet, 1882 (Grevy's zebra; grevynseepra)





































|

--

o

(Hippotigris) Smith, H., 1841 (mountain zebras; vuoriseeprat)





































|


`

--

o

E. (H.) zebra Linnaeus, 1758 (vuoriseepra)





































|




|

--

E. (H.) z. zebra (kapmaanvuoriseepra)





































|




`

--

E. (H.) z. hartmannae (hartmanninvuoriseepra)





































`

--

o

(Quagga) (plain zebras, quaggas; aroseeeprat)







































|

?-

†E. ?(Q.) capensis Broom, 1909 [is a member of subgenus Equus? (Eisenmann & Baylac, 2000)]







































|

?-

†E. ?(Q.) mauritanicus [is a member of subgenus Equus? (Eisenmann & Baylac, 2000)]







































|

--

†E. (Q.) quagga Gmelin, 1788 (quagga; kvagga) [ssp.=>E. burchellii??] [extinct since 1880]







































`

--

o

E. (Q.) burchellii (Gray, 1824) (plain zebra; aroseepra)









































|

--

E. (Q.) b. antiquorum (damaranseepra)









































|

--

E. (Q.) b. boehmi (böhminseepra)









































|

--

E. (Q.) b. chapmanni (chapmanninseepra)









































|

--

E. (Q.) b. foai (foanseepra)









































|

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E. (Q.) b. granti (grantinseepra)









































|

--

E. (Q.) b. wahlbergi (wahlberginseepra)









































`

--

E. (Q.) b. burchellii (burchellinseepra)





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